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incommonwheat.Inthisstudy,thewheat-Th.intermediumpartialamphiploidlinewasdevelopedthroughhybridizationbetweenTh.intermediumandcommonwheat.ThechromosomestructureandcompositionofwereanalyzedusingND-FISHandmolecularmarkeranalysis.Theresultsshowedthatthechromosomecompositionof(OctoploidTrititrigia)was56=42W+6J+4Js+4St.Inaddition,wefoundthatwashighlyresistanttoamixtureofstriperustraces(CYR32,CYR33,andCYR34)duringtheseedlingsteandfusariumheadblight(FHB)inthefieldduringtheadultplantste,suggestingthatthealienorwheatchromosomesinhaddisease-resistantgene(s)tostriperustandFHB.Thereisahighprobabilitythatthegene(s)forresistancetostriperustandFHBarefromthealienchromosomes.Therefore,showspromiseasabridgematerialfortransferringsuperiorgenesfromTh.intermediumtocommonwheatandimprovingdiseaseresistanceincommonwheat.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueBroad-SpectrumDiseaseResistanceinPlants)24pes,1236KiB OpenAccessReviewMachineLearningApplicationinHorticultureandProspectsforPredictingFreshProduceLossesandWaste:AReviewbyIkechukwuKingsleyOpara,UmezuruikeLinusOpara,JudeA.OkolieandOlaniyiAmosFawolePlants2024,13(9),1200;doi.org/10.3390/plants(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractThecurrentreviewexaminesthestateofknowledgeandresearchonmachinelearning(ML)applicationsinhorticulturalproductionandthepotentialforpredictingfreshproducelossesandwaste.Recently,MLhasbeenincreasinglyappliedinhorticultureforefficientandaccurateoperations.Giventhe[...]Readmore.Thecurrentreviewexaminesthestateofknowledgeandresearchonmachinelearning(ML)applicationsinhorticulturalproductionandthepotentialforpredictingfreshproducelossesandwaste.Recently,MLhasbeenincreasinglyappliedinhorticultureforefficientandaccurateoperations.Giventhehealthbenefitsoffreshproduceandtheneedforfoodandnutritionsecurity,efficienthorticulturalproductionandpostharvestmanementareimportant.ThisreviewaimstoassesstheapplicationofMLinpreharvestandpostharvesthorticultureandthepotentialofMLinreducingpostharvestlossesandwastebypredictingtheirmnitude,whichiscrucialformanementpracticesandpolicymakinginlossandwastereduction.ThereviewstartsbyassessingtheapplicationofMLinpreharvesthorticulture.ItthenpresentstheapplicationofMLinpostharvesthandlingandprocessing,andlastly,theprospectsforitsapplicationinpostharvestlossandwastequantification.ThefindingsrevealedthatseveralMLalgorithmsperformsatisfactorilyinclassificationandpredictiontasks.Basedonthat,thereisaneedtofurtherinvestigatethesuitabilityofmoremodelsoracombinationofmodelswithahigherpotentialforclassificationandprediction.Overall,thereviewsuggestedpossiblefuturedirectionsforresearchrelatedtotheapplicationofMLinpostharvestlossesandwastequantification.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionHorticulturalScienceandOrnamentalPlants)10pes,1058KiB OpenAccessArticlePhenolicMonoterpenesConversionofConobeascoparioidesEssentialOilbyHydrotalciteSynthesizedfromBlast-FurnaceSlbyMonalizaM.Rebelo,EloisaHelenaA.Andrade,JoséAugustoM.CorrêaandJoséGuilhermeS.MaiaPlants2024,13(9),1199;doi.org/10.3390/plants(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractConobeascoparioides(Plantinaceae)isanherbaceousplantknownas“pataqueira”thatgrowswildinseasonallywetareasoftheAmazonregion.Itisusedforaromaticbathsandanti-protozoanremediesbytheBrazilianAmazonnativepeople.Themainvolatilecompoundsidentifiedinthe[...]Readmore.Conobeascoparioides(Plantinaceae)isanherbaceousplantknownas“pataqueira”thatgrowswildinseasonallywetareasoftheAmazonregion.Itisusedforaromaticbathsandanti-protozoanremediesbytheBrazilianAmazonnativepeople.Themainvolatilecompoundsidentifiedintheessentialoilof“Pataqueira”werethephenolicmonoterpenesthymolandthymolmethyletherandtheirprecursors,themonoterpenehydrocarbonsα-phellandreneandp-cymene.Ahydrotalcitesynthesizedfromblast-furnaceslexhibiteda3:2(Mg/Al)molarratio,andthislayereddoublehydroxide(LDH)wasevaluatedasacatalystinconvertingthemainmonoterpenesofthe“Pataqueira”oil.Thisactionsignificantlyincreasedthethymolcontent,from41%to95%,associatedwiththepercentualreductioninothermaincomponents,suchasthymolmethylether,α-phellandrene,andp-cymene.TheLDHreactionshowedastrongtendencytowardsproducinghydroxylatedderivatives,anditsbehiorwassimilartothehypotheticalplantbiosyntheticpathway,whichleadstotheproductionofthemonoterpenesof“Pataqueira”oil.Thymolanditsderivativesarepotentantisepticsappliedinpharmaceuticalandhygienicproductsasantibacterial,antifungal,andantioxidantproperties,amongothers.ThepresentworkreportsanaturalsourcewithahighthymolcontentinaromaticplantsfromtheAmazon,withevidenteconomicvalue.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueBioprospectingtheEfficacyandSafetyofNaturalProductsfromPlants)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure516pes,336KiB OpenAccessReviewWideUseofHyaluronicAcidintheProcessofWoundHealing—ARapidReviewbyMdalenaAntoszewska,EwaMariaSokolewiczandWiolettaBarańska-RybakSci.Pharm.2024,92(2),23;doi.org/10.3390/scipharm(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractHyaluronicacid(HA),asoneofthemaincomponentsoftheextracellularmatrix(ECM),playsanimportantroleintheprocessofwound-healingandtissue-repairprocessesduetoitsuniquepropertiesanddifferentphysiologicalfunctions.HAhasanabilitytomaintainamoist[...]Readmore.Hyaluronicacid(HA),asoneofthemaincomponentsoftheextracellularmatrix(ECM),playsanimportantroleintheprocessofwound-healingandtissue-repairprocessesduetoitsuniquepropertiesanddifferentphysiologicalfunctions.HAhasanabilitytomaintainamoistenvironmentthatpromoteshealing,thestimulationofgrowthfactorsandcellularconstituents,andthemigrationofvariouscellsessentialforhealing.ThispaperoffersareviewofHAuseintheprocessofwoundhealing,withemphasisonhard-to-healwounds,andexaminesitsvariousapplicationsinophthalmologyandotorhinolaryngology.ItprovesHAtobeaversatileentwhichfindsitsuseinvariousfieldsofmedicineforitsantioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterialpropertiesandacceleratedwoundhealing.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueFeaturePapersinScientiaPharmaceutica)18pes,892KiB OpenAccessArticleFaultDinosisBasedonTensorComputingandMeta-LearningforSmartGridandPowerCommunicationNetworkbyQiushengYu,TiGuan,AnqiTian,MingyueSi,BinQi,YingjieJiang,YanZhang,LiLiandWenshengZhangElectronics2024,13(9),1655;doi.org/10.3390/electronics(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractFaultdinosis(FD)isacriticalchallengeforthesmartgridandthepowercommunicationnetwork,especiallywhenbothheterogeneousnetworksareexponentiallybecomingenormousandcomplicated.Consequently,someconventionalFDschemesbasedonlaborseeminefficient,evendisabled,becausetheyusuallycannot[...]Readmore.Faultdinosis(FD)isacriticalchallengeforthesmartgridandthepowercommunicationnetwork,especiallywhenbothheterogeneousnetworksareexponentiallybecomingenormousandcomplicated.Consequently,someconventionalFDschemesbasedonlaborseeminefficient,evendisabled,becausetheyusuallycannotefficientlyutilizemulti-dimensionalandheterogeneousbigdatafrombothnetworks.Todealwiththischallengingtechnicalproblem,anovelFDschemebasedontensorcomputingandmeta-learningisproposedforthesmartgridandthepowercommunicationnetwork.Intheproposedscheme,tensorcomputingisusedtoprocesstensorbigdatafrombothnetworks,andanewdatafusionschemeisdesignedtocompleteandanalyzetheincompleteandsparsebigdata.Basedonthefuseddata,ameta-learningapproachisusedtoconstructtheFDscheme,especiallywhenthetargetfaultsamplesareinadequateandsparse.Inmeta-learning,theconvolutionalneuralnetworkisemployedasabaselearnertogenerateanFDtrainingmodel,andthemodel-nosticmeta-learningalgorithmisutilizedtofine-tuneandfurthertrainthepre-trainedmodel.SimulationresultsandtheoreticalanalysisindicatethattheproposedDFschemebasedontensorcomputingcanefficientlyprocesssparseandheterogeneousbigdatafrombothnetworks.Furthermore,themeta-learning-basedFDschemeprovidesanefficientwaytodinosefaultswithinadequatetargetsamples.TheproposedFDschemebasedontensorcomputingandmeta-learningprovidesanovelsolutiontodetectandanalyzethepotentialfaultsforsmartgridandpowercommunicationnetworks.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure1112pes,278KiB OpenAccessArticlePediatricOralHealthOnlineEducationforRuralandMigrantHeadStartProgramsintheUnitedStatesbyFranciscoRamos-Gomez,StephanieParkinson,VictorGarciadeJesus,JoseA.RiosandJanniJ.KinslerInt.J.Environ.Res.PublicHealth2024,21(5),544;doi.org/10.3390/ijerph(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractChildrenlivinginruralandmigrantareasintheUnitedStatesdisproportionatelysufferfrompoororalhealth.Additionally,therecontinuestobeashorteofpediatricdentistspracticinginrural/migrantareas.Thepurposeofthisformativeresearchstudywastoassesswhetherstaff,[...]Readmore.ChildrenlivinginruralandmigrantareasintheUnitedStatesdisproportionatelysufferfrompoororalhealth.Additionally,therecontinuestobeashorteofpediatricdentistspracticinginrural/migrantareas.Thepurposeofthisformativeresearchstudywastoassesswhetherstaff,teachersandfamiliesfromrural/migrantHeadStart/EarlyHeadStart(HS/EHS)programsinCaliforniawerereceptivetooralhealthonlineeducationworkshopsconductedbypediatricdentalresidentswhowereassistedbybilingual(EnglishandSpanish)communityoralhealthworkers(COHWs).OurfindingssuggestthatpartneringpediatricdentalresidentswithbilingualCOHWstoeducateHS/EHSteachers,staffandparentsonoralhealthcareinrural/migrantareascouldresultinarewardingexperienceforpediatricdentiststhatmightleadthemtopracticeinthesecommunitiesupongraduationfromtheirresidencyprogram.Furthermore,thepositivefeedbackreceivedfromtheteachers,staffandparentswhoparticipatedintheworkshopsindicatestheywerereceptivetoreceivingoralhealthinformationrelatedtooralhealthliteracyfromthedentalprovidersandCOHWs.COHWscanhelpincreaseaccesstooralhealthcarebyservingasabridgebetweenfamiliesandprovidersbyrelayinginformationinacultural,linguisticandsensitivemanner.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueCariesManement)12pes,438KiB OpenAccessArticlePointPrevalenceSurveyofAcuteHospitalPatientswithDifficultySwallowingSolidOralDoseFormsbyAnneHarnett,StephenByrne,JenniferO’Connor,EimearBurke,LauraSouth,DeclanLyonsandLauraJ.SahmPharmaceutics2024,16(5),584;doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractThesafeadministrationofsolidoraldoseformsinhospitalinpatientswithswallowingdifficultiesischallenging.Theaimofthisstudywastoestablishtheprevalenceofdifficultiesinswallowingsolidoraldoseformsinacutehospitalinpatients.Apointprevalencestudywas[...]Readmore.Thesafeadministrationofsolidoraldoseformsinhospitalinpatientswithswallowingdifficultiesischallenging.Theaimofthisstudywastoestablishtheprevalenceofdifficultiesinswallowingsolidoraldoseformsinacutehospitalinpatients.Apointprevalencestudywascompletedatthreetimepoints.Thefollowingdatawerecollected:theprevalenceofswallowingdifficulties,methodsusedtomodifysolidoraldoseformstofacilitateadministration,theappropriatenessofthemodification,andpatientco-morbidities.Theprevalenceofacutehospitalinpatientswithswallowingdifficultieswasanereof15.4%witha95%CI[13.4,17.6]acrossthethreestudies.Onere,9.6%ofpatientswithswallowingdifficultieshadnoenteralfeedingtubeinsitu,with6.0%ofthesepatientsreceivingatleastonemodifiedmedicine.Themostcommonmethodofsolidoraldoseformmodificationwascrushing,withanadministrationerrorrateofapproximately14.4%.Themostcommonco-morbidconditioninthesepatientswashypertension,withdysphiaappearingontheproblemlistoftwo(5.5%)acutehospitalinpatientswithswallowingdifficulties.Inappropriatemodificationstosolidoraldoseformstofacilitateadministrationcanresultinpatientharm.Aproactiveapproach,suchastheuseofascreeningtooltoidentifyacutehospitalinpatientswithswallowingdifficulties,isrequired,tomitigatetheriskofinappropriatemodificationstomedicinestoovercomeswallowingdifficulties.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueEmergingStrategiesinDrugDevelopmentandClinicalCareintheEraofPersonalizedandPrecisionMedicine)18pes,414KiB OpenAccessArticleSemi-AnalyticalClosed-FormSolutionsforDynamicalRo¨ssler-TypeSystembyRemus-DanielEneandNicolinaPopMathematics2024,12(9),1308;doi.org/10.3390/math(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractMathematicalmodelsandnumericalsimulationsarenecessarytounderstandthefunctionsofbiologicalrhythms,tocomprehendthetransitionfromsimpletocomplexbehiorandtodelineatetheconditionsunderwhichtheyarise.TheaimofthisworkistoinvestigatetheR[...]Readmore.Mathematicalmodelsandnumericalsimulationsarenecessarytounderstandthefunctionsofbiologicalrhythms,tocomprehendthetransitionfromsimpletocomplexbehiorandtodelineatetheconditionsunderwhichtUn momento, por favor. Cloud Flameheyarise.TheaimofthisworkistoinvestigatetheRo¨ssler-typesystem.Thissystemcouldbeproposedasatheoreticalmodelforbiologicalrhythms,generalizingthisformulaforchaoticbehior.ItisassumedthattheRo¨ssler-typesystemhasaHamilton–Poissonrealization.Tosemi-analyticallysolvethissystem,aBratu-typeequationwasexplored.Theapproximateclosed-formsolutionsareobtainedusingtheOptimalParametricIterationMethod(OPIM)usingonlyoneiteration.Theadvantesofthisanalyticalprocedurearereflectedthroughacomparisonbetweentheanalyticalandcorrespondingnumericalresults.Theobtainedresultsareinagoodreementwiththenumericalresults,andtheyhighlightthatourprocedureiseffective,accurateandusefullyforimplementationinapplicationssuchasanoscillatorwithcubicandharmonicrestoringforces,theThomas–FermiequationandtheLotka–Volteramodelwiththreespecies.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAnalyticalApproachestoNonlinearDynamicalSystemsandApplicationsII)24pes,3827KiB OpenAccessArticleMonitoringtheWearTrendsinWindTurbinesbyTrackingFourierVibrationSpectraandDensityBasedSupportVectorMachinesbyClaudiuBisu,AdrianOlaru,SerbanOlaru,AdrianAlexei,NiculaeMihaiandHaleemaUshaqMathematics2024,12(9),1307;doi.org/10.3390/math(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractTomakewindpowermorecompetitive,itisnecessarytoreduceturbinedowntimeandreducecostsassociatedwithwindturbineoperationandmaintenance(O&M).Incorporatingmachinelearninginthedevelopmentofcondition-basedpredictivemaintenancemethodologiesforwindturbinescanenhancetheirefficiencyand[...]Readmore.Tomakewindpowermorecompetitive,itisnecessarytoreduceturbinedowntimeandreducecostsassociatedwithwindturbineoperationandmaintenance(O&M).Incorporatingmachinelearninginthedevelopmentofcondition-basedpredictivemaintenancemethodologiesforwindturbinescanenhancetheirefficiencyandreliability.ThispaperpresentsamonitoringmethodthatutilizesDensityBasedSupportVectorMachines(DBSVM)andtheevolutionaryFourierspectraofvibrations.Thismethodallowsforthesmartmonitoringofthefunctionevolutionoftheturbine.Acomplexoptimalfunction(FO)for5-degreeorderhasbeendevelopedthatwillbetheboundaryfunctionoftheDBSVMtobetimelydeterminedfromtheFourierspectrumthroughthemnitude–frequencyandplaceofthefailureoccurringinthewindturbinedrivetrains.Thetrendofthefailurewasconstructedwiththemaximalvaluesoftheoptimalfrequencyfunctionforbothyesthecasesoftheupwindanddownwindpartsofthegearbox.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueDynamicModelingandSimulationforControlSystems,2ndEdition)13pes,630KiB OpenAccessArticleReliabilityandreementAssessmentofSarcopeniaDinosisthroughComparisonofBioelectricalImpedanceAnalysisandDual-EnergyX-rayAbsorptiometrybyJungHunLee,HeeJinKim,SanghunHan,SeongJunPark,MyongheonSimandKangHyunLeeDinostics2024,14(9),899;doi.org/10.3390/dinostics(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractAunifieddinosticcriterionhasyettobeestablishedforsarcopenia.Therefore,weanalyzedthereliabilityandvalidityofsarcopeniadinosisusingbioelectricalimpedanceanalysis(BIA)comparedwiththegoldstandard,dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry(DEXA),andevaluatedthepredictiveaccuracyofBIAfor[...]Readmore.Aunifieddinosticcriterionhasyettobeestablishedforsarcopenia.Therefore,weanalyzedthereliabilityandvalidityofsarcopeniadinosisusingbioelectricalimpedanceanalysis(BIA)comparedwiththegoldstandard,dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry(DEXA),andevaluatedthepredictiveaccuracyofBIAfordinosis.Theclinicaltrial,involvingatotalof239participants,wasconductedbetweenDecember2018andSeptember2019onhealthyvolunteerswithoutsignificantmedicalhistories.Theparticipantsunderwenthealthassessments,followedbysequentialDEXAandBIAmeasurements.Inboththelowandnormalappendicularskeletalmuscle(ASM)groups,thereweresignificantdifferencesintherightarm,leftarm,rightleg,leftleg,ASM,andASMindex(ASMI)betweenDEXAandBIAacrossallegroups(p<0.05).BIAtendedtooverestimatecomparedtoDEXA,butASMIvaluesformalesandfemaleswereconsistentwiththecriteriaforsarcopenia.Bland–AltmananalysisshowedthateachsegmentinboththelowandnormalASMgroupsfellwithinthelimitsofreement(LOA).ThedinosisofsarcopeniausingBIAwassignificantlydifferentfromthatusingDEXA.However,itexhibitedasignificantlyhighcorrelation,fellwithintheLOA,anddemonstratedhighpredictiveaccuracy.BIAcanbeconsideredaneffectivetoolfordinosingsarcopenia.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueBiomarkersandClinicalImingforDinosis,PreventionandManementofMuscleDecay)23pes,3008KiB OpenAccessArticleStudyonPyrolysisCharacteristicsofPhosphateTailingsunderH2OAtmospherebyYanpingYang,YuZhang,DengpanNie,ChenxinSunandJianxinCaoMaterials2024,17(9),2012;doi.org/10.3390/ma(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractThepyrolysisseparationofcalciumandmnesiumfromphosphatetailingsisanimportantprocessduetoitshigh-valueresourceutilization.Inthispaper,aimingtoaddresstheproblemsofhighenergyconsumption,aslowdecompositionrateandthelowactivityofdecompositionproducts[...]Readmore.Thepyrolysisseparationofcalciumandmnesiumfromphosphatetailingsisanimportantprocessduetoitshigh-valueresourceutilization.Inthispaper,aimingtoaddresstheproblemsofhighenergyconsumption,aslowdecompositionrateandthelowactivityofdecompositionproductsinthehigh-temperaturepyrolysisofphosphatetailings,themedium-temperaturepyrolysisofphosphatetailingsunderaH2Oatmospherewascarriedout,andthephasereconstructionandactivationofpyrolysisprocesswerediscussed.TheresultsshowedthatcomparedwithN2,airandCO2atmospheres,thepyrolysisprocessofphosphatetailingsinaH2Oatmospherewaschangedfromtwostestooneste,thestartingdecompositiontemperaturewasreducedto5008451;andthedecompositiontimewasshortenedto30min.Theorderoftheinfluenceofeachfactoronthepyrolysisofphosphatetailingswastemperature>H2Opressure>holdingtime.Undertheoptimizedpyrolysisconditions,theyieldofCaMg(CO3)2decompositionofphosphatetailingsintoMgOandCaOwas97.3%and98.1%,respectively,andthereactivityofMgOwas31.6%.ThedistributionofCaandMgelementsinthephosphatetailingsafterpyrolysisshowedanegativecorrelation,andbothofthemnolongerformedassociatedcompounds;CamainlyexistedintheformofCa(OH)2,Ca5(PO4)3F,CaSiO3andCaF2,andMgmainlyexistedintheformofMgO,MgF2andMg(OH)2.Fullarticle18pes,3466KiB OpenAccessArticleExperimentalStudyonEnergyReleaseMechanismandCrackPropationEvolutionofSandstoneunderTrueTriaxialLoadingbyShichuanZhang,ShilongSongandXuexianHanAppl.Sci.2024,14(9),3655;doi.org/10.3390/app(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractTheinstabilityofhardandbrittlerockoftenleadstodisastrousconsequencesinundergroundengineering.Undervarioussurroundingrockpressureconditions,insitustressinducescorrespondingdeformationanddametothefloorpost-mining.Therefore,itiscrucialtoexaminetheeffectsofmining[...]Readmore.Theinstabilityofhardandbrittlerockoftenleadstodisastrousconsequencesinundergroundengineering.Undervarioussurroundingrockpressureconditions,insitustressinducescorrespondingdeformationanddametothefloorpost-mining.Therefore,itiscrucialtoexaminetheeffectsofminingunderdifferentconfiningpressuresonrockdisturbance,damecharacteristics,andtheirdistribution.Consequently,triaxialloadingexperimentsundervaryingintermediateprincipalstressconditionswereconductedonredsandstonespecimens,usinganacousticemissionmonitoringsystemtotrackenergychangesduringrockdameandfailure.Thisapproachaidsinstudyingcrackgeneration,propation,andfracturedameevolution.Theresultsindicatethatrockdeformationresultsinaxialcompressionanddilatancy,alignedwiththedirectionofminimumandintermediateprincipalstresses.Ductilityinrockfailurebecomesmorepronouncedwithincreasedstress,primarilymanifestingasshearfailure.Internalcracksinthespecimenleadtostressconcentrationandmarkedplasticdeformationundercompression,yetdonotresultinmacroscopicsurfacecracks.Thefractureangleθofspecimenspost-failuregenerallyexceeds45°andvarieswithstresschanges;atconsistentburialdepths,theangleofthesandstonefailuresurfaceincreaseswithintermediateprincipalstress.Thispaperpreliminarilyestablishestheinformationallinkebetweenrockfailureandenergyrelease,analyzingtherocksamplesovertimeandspace.Thisresearchoffersinsightsforanalyzingandmitigatingsuddenrockinstability.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueMonitoringandPreventionofDynamicDisastersinDeepUndergroundEngineering)10pes,1018KiB OpenAccessArticleDesignandFabricationof3.5GHzBand-PassFilmBulkAcousticResonatorFilterbyYuZhou,YupengZheng,QinwenXu,YuanhangQu,YuqiRen,XiaomingHuang,ChaoGao,YanLiu,ShishangGuo,YaoCaiandChengliangSunMicromachines2024,15(5),563;doi.org/10.3390/mi(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractWiththedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication,increasingsignalprocessingpresentshigherrequirementsforradiofrequency(RF)systems.Piezoelectricacousticfilters,asimportantelementsofanRFfront-end,hebeenwidelyusedin5G-generationsystems.Inthiswork,weproposeaSc0.2Al[...]Readmore.Withthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication,increasingsignalprocessingpresentshigherrequirementsforradiofrequency(RF)systems.Piezoelectricacousticfilters,asimportantelementsofanRFfront-end,hebeenwidelyusedin5G-generationsystems.Inthiswork,weproposeaSc0.2Al0.8N-basedfilmbulkacousticweresonator(FBAR)foruseinthedesignofradiofrequencyfiltersforthe5Gmid-bandspectrumwithapassbandfrom3.4to3.6GHz.WiththeexcellentpiezoelectricpropertiesofSc0.2Al0.8N,FBARshowsalargeKeff2of13.1%,whichcanmeettherequirementofpassbandwidth.BasedontheresonantcharacteristicsofSc0.2Al0.8NFBARdevices,wedemonstrateandfabricatedifferentladder-typeFBARfilterswithsecond,thirdandfourthorders.Thetestresultsshowthattheout-of-bandrejectionimprovesandtheinsertionlossdecreasesslightlyasthefilterorderincreases,althoughthefrequencyofthepassbandislowerthanthepredictedonesduetofabricationdeviation.Thepassbandfrom3.27to3.47GHzisachievedwitha200MHzbandwidthandinsertionlosslowerthan2dB.ThisworkprovidesapotentialapproachusingScAlN-basedFBARtechnologytomeettheband-passfilterrequirementsof5Gmid-bandfrequencies.FullarticleattachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,408KiB)21pes,6048KiB OpenAccessArticleMorphologicalandPositionFactorsofVerticalSurfaceLightSourceAffectingDiscomfortGlarePerceptionbyGuangyanKong,LixiongWang,PengChen,ShuoWangandFengruiMaBuildings2024,14(5),1227;doi.org/10.3390/buildings(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractDistinguishedfromconventionallighting,theLEDverticalsurfacelightsource(VSLS)isdirectlyexposedtohumanview,andtheeffectsofwhichformittakesonvisualperceptionarenon-negligible.Inthecurrentdiscomfortglareevaluationsystem,thesolidangleandtheposition[...]Readmore.Distinguishedfromconventionallighting,theLEDverticalsurfacelightsource(VSLS)isdirectlyexposedtohumanview,andtheeffectsofwhichformittakesonvisualperceptionarenon-negligible.Inthecurrentdiscomfortglareevaluationsystem,thesolidangleandthepositionindex,whichrepresenttherelativerelationbetweentheglaringlightsourceandhumanvisualfield,arenotcompletelyapplicableforlarge-areaVSLS,andhenceareawaitingsupplementationandmodification.Inthisstudy,aphysicalexperimentalsetupwasestablishedtoconductanevaluationexperimentondiscomfortglare,employinganLEDdisplayandwhitetranslucentfrostedfilmtosimulateverticalsurfacelightsources(VSLS).Theexperimentswerearrangedwith21VSLSshapes(comprising3areasand7length-to-widthratios)and11mountingpositions.Subjectiveratingsandfoureye-movementdataparameters—namely,thechangerateofpupildiameter(CRPD),meansaccadicamplitude(SA),blinkingfrequency(BF),andsaccadicspeed(SS)—werecollectedfrom24participantsundereachworkingconditionusingtheBoyceEvaluationScaleandeyetrackingtechniques.Themainresultsofthisstudyarethefollowing:(a)CRPDisthemostappropriateeye-movementindexforcharacterizingVSLSglareperception;(b)TheareaoftheVSLSistheprimaryshapeelementinfluencingdiscomfortglare.Furthermore,withthesamesurfacearea,thelateralviewangle(LA)andthelongitudinalviewangle(LoVA)perceivedbythehumaneyealsoimpactglareperception;(c)AfunctionalequationbetweentheVSLSarea,LA,andLoVAtotheborderlineluminancebetweencomfortanddiscomfort(BCDluminance)isfitted;(d)Basedontheeccentricangleandtheazimuthalangle,amodifiedpositionindexP’isproposedtorepresenttherelativepositionoftheVSLSinthevisualfield,andtheratiofunctionofBCDluminanceoftheVSLSatnon-centralpositionsandthecentralpositionisfitted.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionBuildingEnergy,Physics,Environment,andSystems)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure1415pes,3723KiB OpenAccessArticleNumericalInvestigationofMicrometer-SensitiveParticleIntrusioninHydraulicValveClearancesandItsImpactonValvePerformancebyJianjunZhang,HongJi,WenjieZhao,QianpengChenandXinqiangLiuProcesses2024,12(5),864;doi.org/10.3390/pr(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractTheintrusionofmicrometer-sensitivecontaminantparticlesintotheclearanceofslidingvalveswithinhydraulicfluidsisoneoftherootcausesofvalvestickingandreliabilityissuesinhydraulicsystems.Torevealthetransientprocessandcharacteristicsofparticleintrusionintotheclearance[...]Readmore.Theintrusionofmicrometer-sensitivecontaminantparticlesintotheclearanceofslidingvalveswithinhydraulicfluidsisoneoftherootcausesofvalvestickingandreliabilityissuesinhydraulicsystems.Torevealthetransientprocessandcharacteristicsofparticleintrusionintotheclearanceprocess,thispaperproposesanumericalmethodforfluid–particleone-waycouplingandverifiesitthroughexperimentation.Furthermore,anumericalsimulationofthemotiontrajectoryofsphericalironparticlesinsidethevalvechamberwasconductedinatwo-dimensionalflowmodel.Itwasdiscoveredthatinasteady-stateflowfieldwithacertainvalveopening,micrometer-sizedparticlesinthevalvechamber’shydraulicfluidmainlymovewiththevalveflowstream,andthenumberofmicronparticlesinvadingtheslidevalveclearanceandtheprobabilityofinvasionisrelatedtotheslidevalveopeninganddifferentialpressure.Whentheslidevalveopeningdecreases,especiallyinthesmallopeningstate,theprobabilityofparticlesinvadingtheslidevalveclearancewillincreasedramatically,andtheprobabilityofinvadingtheclearanceisashighas27%inavalveopeningof50μm;thelargerthepressuredifferencebetweenthevalveports,themorethenumberofparticlesinvadingtheslidevalveclearanceincreases;theparticlesintheinletoftheslidevalveclearancearemorepronetoinvadetheslidevalveclearance,andinvadeinaninclinedway,touchingthewallandthenbouncingback.Thesefindingsareofgreatvalueforthedesignofhighlyreliablehydrauliccontrolvalvesandtheunderstandingofthemechanismofslidevalvestallsandprovideanimportantscientificbasisfortheoptimizationandimprovementinthereliabilityofhydraulicsystems.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancesofMultiphaseComputationalFluidDynamicsinEnergyEngineering)29pes,2161KiB OpenAccessArticleCFDsModelingandSimulationofWheatStrawPelletCombustionina10kWFixed-BedDowndraftReactorbyBidhanNath,GuangnanChen,LesBowtellandRaidAhmedMahmoodProcesses2024,12(5),863;doi.org/10.3390/pr(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractThisresearchpaperpresentsacomprehensivestudyonthecombustionofwheatstrawpelletsina10kWfixed-bedreactorthroughaComputationalFluidDynamics(CFDs)simulationandexperimentalvalidation.Thedeveloped2DCFDsmodelinANSYSmeshingsimulatesthecombustionprocessin[...]Readmore.Thisresearchpaperpresentsacomprehensivestudyonthecombustionofwheatstrawpelletsina10kWfixed-bedreactorthroughaComputationalFluidDynamics(CFDs)simulationandexperimentalvalidation.Thedeveloped2DCFDsmodelinANSYSmeshingsimulatesthecombustionprocessinANSYSFluentsoftware2021R2.Theinvestigationevaluateskeyparameterssuchasequivalenceratio,heatingvalue,andtemperaturedistributionwithinthereactortoenhancegasproductionefficiency.Thesimulatedresults,includingcombustiontemperatureandproducedgases(CO2,CO,CH4),demonstrateasignificantreementwithexperimentalcombustiondata.Theimpactoftheequivalenceratioontheconversionefficiencyandlowerheatingvalue(LHV)issystematicallyexplored,revealingthatanequivalenceratioof0.35isoptimalformaximumgasproductionefficiency.TheresultingproducergascompositionatthisoptimumconditionincludesCO(~27.67%),CH4(~3.29%),CO2(~11.09%),H2(~11.09%),andN2(~51%).Thefindingscontributevaluableinsightsintoimprovingtheefficiencyoffixed-bedreactors,offeringessentialinformationonperformanceparametersforsustainableandoptimizedcombustion.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueModelingofThermochemicalProcessesforEfficientFeedstockUtilization)12pes,3662KiB OpenAccessArticleUniaxialMnetizationandElectrocatalyticPerformanceforHydrogenEvolutiononElectrodepositedNiNanowireArrayElectrodeswithUltra-HighAspectRatiobyYumuSako,RyuseiSaeki,MasamitsuHayashidaandTakeshiOhgaiNanomaterials2024,14(9),755;doi.org/10.3390/nano(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractNinanowirearrayelectrodeswithanextremelylargesurfaceareaweremadethroughanelectrochemicalreductionprocessutilizingananodizedaluminatemplatewithaporelengthof320µm,porediameterof100nm,andporeaspectratioof3200.TheelectrodepositedNi[...]Readmore.Ninanowirearrayelectrodeswithanextremelylargesurfaceareaweremadethroughanelectrochemicalreductionprocessutilizingananodizedaluminatemplatewithaporelengthof320µm,porediameterof100nm,andporeaspectratioof3200.TheelectrodepositedNinanowirearrayswerepreferentiallyorientedinthe(111)planeregardlessofthedepositionpotentialandexhibiteduniaxialmneticanisotropywitheasymnetizationintheaxialdirection.Withrespecttothemneticproperties,thesquarenessandcoercivityoftheelectrodepositedNinanowirearraysimprovedupto0.8and550Oe,respectively.Itwasalsoconfirmedthatthemnetizationreversalwassuppressedbyincreasingtheaspectratioandthehardmneticperformancewasimproved.TheelectrocatalyticperformanceforhydrogenevolutionontheelectrodepositedNinanowirearrayswasalsoinvestigatedandthehydrogenovervoltewasreduceddownto~0.1V,whichwasalmost0.2VlowerthanthatontheelectrodepositedNifilms.Additionally,thecurrentdensityforhydrogenevolutionat−1.0Vand−1.5Vvs./Clincreaseduptoapproximately−580A/m2and−891A/m2,respectively,duetotheextremelylargesurfaceareaoftheelectrodepositedNinanowirearrays.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancesinNanostructuredElectrodeMaterials:DesignandApplications)attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,551KiB)14pes,1345KiB OpenAccessArticleBinder-FreeThree-DimensionalPorousGrapheneCathodesviaSelf-AssemblyforHigh-CapacityLithium–OxygenBatteriesbyYannaLiu,WenMeng,YuyingGao,MenglongZhao,MingLiandLiangXiaoNanomaterials2024,14(9),754;doi.org/10.3390/nano(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractTheporousarchitecturesofoxygencathodesarehighlydesiredforhigh-capacitylithium–oxygenbatteries(LOBs)tosupportcathodiccatalystsandprovideaccommodationfordischargeproducts.However,controllableporosityisstillachallengeforlaminatedcathodeswithcathodematerialsandbinders,sincepolymerbindersusually[...]Readmore.Theporousarchitecturesofoxygencathodesarehighlydesiredforhigh-capacitylithium–oxygenbatteries(LOBs)tosupportcathodiccatalystsandprovideaccommodationfordischargeproducts.However,controllableporosityisstillachallengeforlaminatedcathodeswithcathodematerialsandbinders,sincepolymerbindersusuallyshieldtheactivesitesofcatalystsandblocktheporesofcathodes.Inaddition,polymerbinderssuchaspoly(vinylidenefluoride)(PVDF)arenotstableunderthenucleophilicattackofintermediateproductsuperoxideradicalsintheoxygenelectrochemicalenvironment.TheparasiticreactionsandblockingeffectofbindersdeteriorateandthenquicklyshutdowntheoperationofLOBs.Herein,thepresentworkproposesabinder-freethree-dimensional(3D)porousgraphene(PG)cathodeforLOBs,whichispreparedbytheself-assemblyandthechemicalreductionofGOwithtriblockcopolymersofttemplates(PluronicF127).Theinterconnectedmesoporousarchitectureofresultant3DPGcathodesachievedanultrahighcapacityof10,300mAhg−1forLOBs.Further,thecathodiccatalystsruthenium(Ru)andmanganesedioxide(MnO2)were,respectively,loadedontotheinnersurfaceofPGcathodestolowerthepolarizationandenhancethecyclingperformanceofLOBs.Thisworkprovidesaneffectivewaytofabricatefree-standing3Dporousoxygencathodesforhigh-performanceLOBs.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionEnergyandCatalysis)15pes,3058KiB OpenAccessArticleActiveVisualPerceptionEnhancementMethodBasedonDeepReinforcementLearningbyZhonglinYang,HaoFang,HuanYuLiu,JunbaoLi,YutongJiangandMengqiZhuElectronics2024,13(9),1654;doi.org/10.3390/electronics(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractTraditionalobjectdetectionmethodsusingstaticcamerasareconstrainedbytheirlimitedperspectives,hamperingtheeffectivedetectionoflow-confidencetargets.Toaddressthischallenge,thisstudyintroducesadeepreinforcementlearning-basedvisualperceptionenhancementtechnique.Thisapproachleverespan–tilt–zoom(PTZ)camerastoachieve[...]Readmore.Traditionalobjectdetectionmethodsusingstaticcamerasareconstrainedbytheirlimitedperspectives,hamperingtheeffectivedetectionoflow-confidencetargets.Toaddressthischallenge,thisstudyintroducesadeepreinforcementlearning-basedvisualperceptionenhancementtechnique.Thisapproachleverespan–tilt–zoom(PTZ)camerastoachieveactivevision,enablingthemtoautonomouslymakedecisionsandactionstailoredtothecurrentsceneandobjectdetectionoutcomes.Thisoptimizationenhancesboththeobjectdetectionprocessandinformationacquisition,significantlyboostingtheintelligentperceptioncapabilitiesofPTZcameras.Experimentalfindingsdemonstratetherobustgeneralizationcapabilitiesofthismethodacrossvariousobjectdetectionalgorithms,resultinginanereconfidencelevelimprovementof23.80%.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueRecentAdvancesinImeandVideoProcessingUsingArtificialIntelligence)16pes,789KiB OpenAccessArticleEvaluationofEarly-eCompressiveStrengthinWinterPrefabrication:AComparativeStudybyBecharaHaddad,FarjallahAlassaadandNassimSebaibiAppl.Sci.2024,14(9),3653;doi.org/10.3390/app(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractInthefieldofprefabrication,thetimelydemoldingofconcreteelementsiscrucialtopreventstructuralfailuresduringpanellifting.Thisstudyinvestigatestheearly-ecompressivestrengthofdifferentconcretemixturesbysimulatingvariousprefabricationplantscenarios.Specialattentionisgiventowinter[...]Readmore.Inthefieldofprefabrication,thetimelydemoldingofconcreteelementsiscrucialtopreventstructuralfailuresduringpanellifting.Thisstudyinvestigatestheearly-ecompressivestrengthofdifferentconcretemixturesbysimulatingvariousprefabricationplantscenarios.Specialattentionisgiventowinterconditions,whereconcretehydrationtendstobeslower,potentiallycompromisingtheminimumcompressivestrengthrequirementof10MPa.Thefirstscenario(reference),setatanambienttemperatureof20°Cwithrawmaterialsatroomtemperature,establishesthebaselineforcomparison.Twoalternativedispositionsareexplored:Scenario2,withanexternaltemperatureof8°Candthewaterformixingat35°C,andScenario3,withthesameexternaltemperaturebututilizingaheatinghoodtomaintaintheconcreteat35°C.Theexperimentalresultsshedlightontheeffectivenessofdifferentstrategiesinachievingthedesiredearly-ecompressivestrengthunderwinterconditions.Theuseofwarmmixingwaterandheatinghoodsareevaluatedaspotentialmeasurestocounteractthehydrationslowdown.Thefindingscontributevaluableinsightsforoptimizingprefabricationprocessesincoldweather,ensuringthestructuralintegrityofprecastconcreteelements.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueDevelopment,Characterization,ApplicationandRecyclingofNovelConstructionMaterials,2ndEdition)28pes,1739KiB OpenAccessReviewRoleofGenomeSequencesofMajorandMinorMilletsinStrengtheningFoodandNutritionalSecurityforFutureGenerationsbyTheivanayamMaharajan,ThumadathPalayullaparambilAjeeshKrishna,NeenthamadathilMohandasKrishnakumar,ManiVetriventhan,HimabinduKudapaandStanislausAntonyCeasarriculture2024,14(5),670;doi.org/10.3390/riculture(registering DOI)-25Apr2024AbstractMilletsaresmall-seededcerealsbelongingtothefamilyPoaceae.Theyareconsideredtobeclimate-resilientandfuturenutritionalfoodcerealsforhumans.Milletsareresistanttobioticandabioticstressorscomparedtoothermajorcerealsandthriveinlow-qualitysoilswithlittlemaintenance[...]Readmore.Milletsaresmall-seededcerealsbelongingtothefamilyPoaceae.Theyareconsideredtobeclimate-resilientandfuturenutritionalfoodcerealsforhumans.Milletsareresistanttobioticandabioticstressorscomparedtoothermajorcerealsandthriveinlow-qualitysoilswithlittlemaintenanceandlessrainfall.Theimportanceofmilletsisstillnotwellknowntomanypeopleduetothelackofpopularityandcultivationinsemi-aridtropicsofAsiaandAfrica.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2023astheInternationalYearofMillets(IYM2023)topromotemilletcultivationandpopularizetheirhealthbenefitsglobally.Afewyearso,theapplicationofmolecularbiologywasinitsinfancyinmilletsduetotheunailabilityofgenomesequences.GenomesequencesareailableformostofthemilletsonNCBIandPhytozomedatabases.Inthisreview,wediscussthedetailsofgenomesequencesformillets,candidategenesidentifiedfromthenativegenomeofmillets.Thecurrentstatusofquantitativetraitlociandgenome-wideassociationstudiesinmilletsarealsodiscussed.Theutilizationofmilletgenomesequencesinfunctionalgenomicsresearchandtranslatingtheinformationforcropimprovementwillhelpmilletandnon-milletcerealssurviveharshenvironmentsinthefuture.Sucheffortswillhelpstrengthenfoodsecurityandreducemalnutritionworldwidein2050.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueFeaturePapersinGenotypeEvaluationandBreeding)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3MoreArticles...OpenAccessJournalsAcousticsActaMicrobiologicaHellenica(AMH)Actuato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