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hortNoteStudyProtocolSystematicReviewTechnicalNoteTutorialViewpoint  AdvancedSearch SectionSpecialIssueVolumeIssueNumberPe LogicalOperatorOperatorANDORSearchTextSearchTypeAllfieldsTitleAbstractKeywordsAuthorsAffiliationsDoiFullTextReferences add_circle_outlineremove_circle_outline  SensorsHardSyDR:ABenchmarkingEnvironmentforGNSSAlgorithmsMicromachinesAReviewonMachiningSiCp/AlCompositeMaterialsCancersTheRoleofMacrophesinSarcomaTumorMicroenvironmentandTreatmentMathematicsHom-LieSuperalgebrasinCharacteristic2RecentArticles 13pes,1218KiB OpenAccessArticleHealth-RelatedQualityofLifeandInjuriesinPhysicalEducationStudents:AMulti-GroupModelAccordingtotheDegreeofAdherencetotheMediterraneanDietbyEduardoMelguizo-Ibáñez,JoséLuisUbo-Jiménez,DanielSanz-MartínandJoséManuelAlonso-VargasEur.J.Investig.HealthPsychol.Educ.2024,14(5),1140-1152;doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractTheMediterraneandietisconsideredahealthyeatingpattern.Ithasbeenshowntoimprovepeople’squalityoflife.Whenapersonsuffersinjuries,theirqualityoflifesuffers.Thisresearchaimstoaccomplishthefollowing:(a)tostudythedifferencesinthe[...]Readmore.TheMediterraneandietisconsideredahealthyeatingpattern.Ithasbeenshowntoimprovepeople’squalityoflife.Whenapersonsuffersinjuries,theirqualityoflifesuffers.Thisresearchaimstoaccomplishthefollowing:(a)tostudythedifferencesintheeffectofthehealth-relatedqualityoflifeoninjuriesaccordingtothedegreeofadherencetotheMediterraneandiet,(b)toanalysetheexistingdifferencesinthevariablesthatmakeupthehealth-relatedqualityoflifeaccordingtothedegreeofadherencetotheMediterraneandiet,and(c)toanalysethedegreeofadherencetotheMediterraneandietaccordingtowhethertheparticipantshesufferedanyinjury.Thestudywasdescriptive,cross-sectional,andexploratoryinasampleof556physicaleducationstudents.ThePREDIMEDquestionnaire,theSF-36questionnaire,andaself-administeredquestionnairewereused.TheresultsshowedthathighadherencetotheMediterraneandietwasassociatedwithhigherqualityoflifeandlowerinjuryrates.ItwasalsoobservedthathighadherencetotheMediterraneandietimprovedtheeffectofthequalityoflifeoninjuries.Inconclusion,theMediterraneandietisbeneficialforthequalityoflifeofyounguniversitystudents.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueHealthDisparities:TheEmergingTrendsandPressingChallenges)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure426pes,2363KiB OpenAccessArticleDynamicChangeandAttributionRegardingFractionalVegetationCovereinMengdongRiverBasinbyDanCaoandShizhiWenForests2024,15(5),746;doi.org/10.3390/f(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThesituationofrockydesertificationinthesouthwesternpartofChinaisveryseriousandhasbeenincludedasoneofthreemajorecologicalproblems.Inthisstudy,usingLandsatimesasthedatasources,weestimatedthefractionalvegetationcovere(FVC[...]Readmore.ThesituationofrockydesertificationinthesouthwesternpartofChinaisveryseriousandhasbeenincludedasoneofthreemajorecologicalproblems.Inthisstudy,usingLandsatimesasthedatasources,weestimatedthefractionalvegetationcovere(FVC)intheMengdongRiverBasinintheHunanProvinceoverthepast40years,analyzeditsspatio-temporalvariationcharacteristics,andexploredthedrivingmechanism(climateandanthropogenic)usingtheMann–Kendall,Hurstindex,andpartialcorrelationmethods.Specifically,theimpactofecologicalengineeringontherecoveryofvegetationcoverinrockydesertificationareaswasanalyzedanddiscussedinthisstudy.Theresultsdemonstratethefollowing:(1)ThechangesinFVCinthestudyareabeforeandaftertherockydesertificationmanementecologicalprojectdifferedsignificantly,withaverysmallchangeintherateofchangeinthemeanvalueofFVCbetween1987and1999(<0.1%),whiletheFVChadasignificantlineargrowthtrendbetween2000and2022(>0.9%).(2)TheHurstindexofFVCrangedfrom−0.233to2.476,withanerevalueof0.864.TheareawithanHvaluegreaterthan0.75accountedfor80.12%,indicatingthatthefuturetrendinthevastmajorityofregionswilldevelopinaccordancewiththecurrentchangetrend.(3)TheerepartialcorrelationcoefficientsbetweenFVCandprecipitationandbetweenFVCandtemperaturewere−0.02and0.27,respectively,showingthatFVCismoresensitivetotemperaturethanprecipitation.ThecombinationofclimatechangeandhumanactivitiesisthemaincauseofFVCchange.Thecontributionsofclimatechange(precipitationandtemperature)andhumanactivitiestoFVCvariationareabout30%and70%,respectively.Ecologicalrestorationprojectsheasignificantpositiveeffectontherecoveryofvegetationinrockydesertificationareas.Theresultsofthisstudyareintendedtoprovideascientificbasisforanalyzingthecharacteristicsofvegetationrestorationinexistingrockydesertificationareasandecologicalmanementinfuturerockydesertificationareas.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionForestInventory,ModelingandRemoteSensing)26pes,3392KiB OpenAccessArticlePorePressurePredictionforHigh-PressureTightSandstoneintheHuizhouS,PearlRiverMouthBasin,China:AMachineLearning-BasedApproachbyJinFeng,QinghuiWang,MinLi,XiaoyanLi,KaijinZhou,XinTian,JianchengNiu,ZhilingYang,QingyuZhangandMengdiSunJ.Mar.Sci.Eng.2024,12(5),703;doi.org/10.3390/jmse(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractAgrowingnumberoflargedatasetshecreatedchallengesfortheoilandgasindustryinpredictingreservoirparametersandassessingwellproductivitythroughefficientandcost-effectivetechniques.Thedesignofdrillingplansforahigh-pressuretight-sandreservoirrequiresaccurateestimationsof[...]Readmore.Agrowingnumberoflargedatasetshecreatedchallengesfortheoilandgasindustryinpredictingreservoirparametersandassessingwellproductivitythroughefficientandcost-effectivetechniques.Thedesignofdrillingplansforahigh-pressuretight-sandreservoirrequiresaccurateestimationsofporepressure(Pp)andreservoirparameters.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistopredictandcomparethePpofHuizhouS,PearlRiverMouthBasin,China,usingconventionaltechniquesandmachinelearning(ML)algorithms.Weinvestigatedthecharacteristicsoflow-permeabilityreservoirsbyobservingwell-loggingdatasetsandcoresandexaminingthinsectionsunderamicroscope.Inthereservoirzone,theerehydrocarbonsaturationis55%,andtheereeffectiveporosityis11%.Thetightsandstonereservoirsconsistoffine-toextremelyfine-grainedargillaceousfeldspathicsandstone.Themeanabsoluteerrorforreservoirpropertypredictionis1.3%,2.2%,and4.8%,respectively,foreffectiveporosity,shalevolume,andwatersaturation.Moreover,theMLalgorithmwasemployedtocross-checkthevalidityofthepredictionofPp.CombiningconventionalandMLtechniqueswiththecoredatademonstratesacorrelationcoefficient(R2)of0.9587,indicatingthatMLtechniquesarethemosteffectiveintestingwelldata.ThisstudyshowsthatMLcaneffectivelypredictPpatsubsequentdepthsinadjacentgeologicallysimilarlocations.Comparedtoconventionalmethods,asubstantialdatasetandMLalgorithmsimprovetheprecisionofPppredictions.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueProductionPredictioninOnshoreandOffshoreTightReservoirs)18pes,5384KiB OpenAccessArticleAssessingtheEffectsofCurcuminand450nmPhotodynamicTherapyonOxidativeMetabolismandCellCycleinHeadandNeckSquamousCellCarcinoma:AnInVitroStudybySilviaRera,ClaudioPasquale,IsabellaPanfoli,MatteoBozzo,Dimitriosas,SilviaBruno,MichaelR.HamblinandAndreaAmaroliCancers2024,16(9),1642;doi.org/10.3390/cancers(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractOralcanceristhe16thmostcommonmalignanttumorworldwide.Theriskofrecurrenceandmortalityishigh,andthesurvivalrateislowoverthefollowingfiveyears.RecentstudiesheshownthatcurcumincausesapoptosisintumorcellsbyaffectingF[...]Readmore.Oralcanceristhe16thmostcommonmalignanttumorworldwide.Theriskofrecurrenceandmortalityishigh,andthesurvivalrateislowoverthefollowingfiveyears.RecentstudiesheshownthatcurcumincausesapoptosisintumorcellsbyaffectingFoF1-ATPsynthase(ATPsynthase)activity,which,inturn,hinderscellenergyproduction,leadingtoalossofcellviability.Additionally,irradiationofcurcuminwithincellscanintensifyitsdetrimentaleffectsoncancercellviabilityandproliferation(photodynamictherapy).WetreatedtheOHSU-974cellline,amodelforhumanheadandnecksquamouscellcarcinoma(HNSCC),andprimaryhumanfibroblasts.Thetreatmentinvolveda1hexposureofcellsto0.1,1.0,and10μMcurcumin,followedornotbyirradiationortheadditionofthesameconcentrationofpre-irradiatedcurcumin.Bothinstancesinvolvedadiodelaserwithawelengthof450nm(0.25W,15J,60s,1cm2,continuouswemode).Thetreatmentwithnon-irradiated1and10µMcurcumincausedATPsynthaseinhibitionandaconsequentreductionintheoxygenconsumptionrate(OCR)andtheATP/AMPratio,whichwasassociatedwithadecrementinlipidperoxidationaccumulationandaslightincreaseinglutathionereductaseandcatalaseactivity.Bycontrast,60scurcuminirradiationwith0.25W—450nmcausedafurtheroxidativephosphorylation(OxPhos)metabolismimpairmentthatinducedanuncouplingbetweenrespirationandenergyproduction,leadingtoincreasedoxidativedame,acellulargrowthandviabilityreduction,andacellcycleblockintheG1phase.Theseeffectsappearedtobemoreevidentwhenthecurcuminwasirradiatedaftercellincubation.SincecellsbelongingtotheHNSCCmicroenvironmentsupporttumordevelopment,curcumin’seffectshebeenanalyzedonprimaryhumanfibroblasts,andadecreaseincellenergystatushasbeenobservedwithbothirradiatedandnon-irradiatedcurcuminandanincreaseinoxidativelipiddameandaslowingofcellgrowthwereobservedwhenthecurcuminwasirradiatedbeforeoraftercellularadministration.Thus,althoughcurcumindisplaysananti-cancerroleonOHSU-974initsnativeform,photoactivationseemstoenhanceitseffects,makingiteffectiveevenatlowdoses.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssuePolyphenolsandCancerMetabolism)17pes,1777KiB OpenAccessArticleEvaluationofDeepLearning-BasedNon-IntrusiveThermalLoadMonitoringbyKazukiOkazawa,NaoyaKaneko,DafangZhao,HirokiNishikawa,IttetsuTaniguchi,FranckyCatthoorandTakaoOnoyeEnergies2024,17(9),2012;doi.org/10.3390/en(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractNon-IntrusiveLoadMonitoring(NILM),whichprovidessufficientloadfortheenergyconsumptionofanentirebuilding,hasbecomecrucialinimprovingtheoperationofenergysystems.AlthoughNILMcandecomposeoverallenergyconsumptionintoindividualelectricalsub-loads,itstrugglestoestimatethermal-drivensub-loads[...]Readmore.Non-IntrusiveLoadMonitoring(NILM),whichprovidessufficientloadfortheenergyconsumptionofanentirebuilding,hasbecomecrucialinimprovingtheoperationofenergysystems.AlthoughNILMcandecomposeoverallenergyconsumptionintoindividualelectricalsub-loads,itstrugglestoestimatethermal-drivensub-loadssuchasoccupants.PreviousstudiesproposedNon-IntrusiveThermalLoadMonitoring(NITLM),whichdisgregatestheoverallthermalloadintosub-loads;however,thesestudiesevaluatedonlyasinglebuilding.Theresultschangeforotherbuildingsduetoindividualbuildingfactors,suchasfloorarea,location,andoccupancypatterns;thus,itisnecessarytoanalyzehowthesefactorsaffecttheaccuracyofdisgregationforaccuratemonitoring.Inthispaper,weconductafundamentalevaluationofNITLMinvariousrealisticofficebuildingstoaccuratelydisgregatetheoverallthermalloadintosub-loads,focusingonoccupantthermalload.Throughexperiments,weintroduceNITLMwithdeeplearningmodelsandevaluatethesemodelsusingthermalloaddatasets.Thesethermalloaddatasetsaregeneratedbyabuildingenergysimulation,anditsinputsforthesimulationwerederivedfromrealisticdatalikeHVACon/offdata.Suchfundamentalevaluationhasnotbeendonebefore,butinsightsobtainedfromthecomparisonoflearningmodelsarenecessaryandusefulforimprovinglearningmodels.Ourexperimentalresultsshedlightonthedeeplearning-basedNITLMmodelsforbuilding-levelefficientenergymanementsystems.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionG:EnergyandBuildings)13pes,450KiB OpenAccessArticleOnNon-OccurrenceoftheInspectionParadoxbyDianaRauwolfandUdoKampsStats2024,7(2),389-401;doi.org/10.3390/stats(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThewell-knowninspectionparadoxorwaitingtimeparadoxstatesthat,inarenewalprocess,theinspectionintervalisstochasticallylargerthanacommoninterarrivaltimehingadistributionfunctionF,wheretheinspectionintervalisgivenbytheparticularinterarrivaltimecontaining[...]Readmore.Thewell-knowninspectionparadoxorwaitingtimeparadoxstatesthat,inarenewalprocess,theinspectionintervalisstochasticallylargerthanacommoninterarrivaltimehingadistributionfunctionF,wheretheinspectionintervalisgivenbytheparticularinterarrivaltimecontainingthespecifiedtimepointoUn momento, por favor. Cloud Flamefprocessinspection.Theinspectionparadoxmayalsobeexpressedintermsofexpectations,wheretheorderisstrict,ingeneral.Arenewalprocesscanbeutilizedtodescribethearrivalsofvehicles,customers,orclaims,forexample.AstheinspectiontimemayalsobeconsideredarandomvariableTwithaleft-continuousdistributionfunctionGindependentoftherenewalprocess,thequestionarisesastowhethertheinspectionparadoxinevitablyoccursinthisgeneralsituation,apartfrominsomemarginalcaseswithrespecttoFandG.ForarandominspectiontimeT,itisseenthatnon-trivialchoicesleadtonon-occurrenceoftheparadox.Inthispaper,acompletecharacterizationofthenon-occurrenceoftheinspectionparadoxisgivenwithrespecttoG.Severalexamplesandrelatedassertionsareshown,includingthedeterministictimesituation.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionAppliedStochasticModels)16pes,1348KiB OpenAccessArticleStudyoftheEffectofSeepe–CyclicLoadCouplingDisturbanceonthePhysicalFieldinOldUrbanUndergroundSpacesbyJinghuYang,YeCheng,DaweiCui,ZeweiZhang,BoZhangandYixiongGanSustainability2024,16(9),3588;doi.org/10.3390/su(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThesafetyandsustainabilityofurbanundergroundspaceshebecomecrucialconsiderationsindevelopmentprojects.Seepeandcyclicloadsaretheprincipalreasonsfortheinstabilityandfailureofoldundergroundspacestructures.Thisstudyinvestigatesthevariationsinphysicalfieldsofunderground[...]Readmore.Thesafetyandsustainabilityofurbanundergroundspaceshebecomecrucialconsiderationsindevelopmentprojects.Seepeandcyclicloadsaretheprincipalreasonsfortheinstabilityandfailureofoldundergroundspacestructures.Thisstudyinvestigatesthevariationsinphysicalfieldsofundergroundspacesincitiesunderthecouplingdisturbanceofseepeandcyclicloads,focusingonundergroundcivilairdefenseengineeringinBeijingasacasestudy.Differentseepeconditionsandtheeffectsofseepe–cyclicloadcouplingweresimulatedusingthenumericalcalculationsoftwarePlaxis3DV20.Theresultsshowthatchangeingroundwatercanaffectthedeformationofundergroundspace,andtheseverityisrelatedtothequantityandintersectionstateoftunnels,thelocationofriversabove,andthestrengthofmaterials.Thecouplingeffectofseepe–cyclicloadonurbanundergroundspacestructuresismoreseriousthanthatofasinglepercolation.Decreaseinmaterialstrengthandhightrafficloadsaretheprincipalreasonsforthefailureofundergroundstructures.A30%decreaseinmaterialstrengthcausesthedisplacementtoincreasealmost1.5times,andmaximumdisplacementunderdifferenttrafficloadscanvaryby3times.Thisstudyholdssignificantimplicationsforthedesign,maintenance,andengineeringmanementofundergroundspaces,emphasizingtheimportanceofsustainablepracticesinurbandevelopmentandinfrastructure.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancingSustainabilityinRockMechanicsandUndergroundEngineering)17pes,680KiB OpenAccessArticleMonetaryPolicySpilloversandInter-MarketDynamicsPerspectiveofPreferredHabitatModelby AbdulWahidandOskarKowalewskiEconomies2024,12(5),98;doi.org/10.3390/economies(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThisstudyadvancestheunderstandingofthePreferredHabitatModel’scapacitytoshedlightontheinter-markettransferofmeanreturnsandthediffusionofpricevolatilityinPakistaniinvestmentmarkets.Itexaminestheextenttowhichreturnsinonemarketexerta[...]Readmore.ThisstudyadvancestheunderstandingofthePreferredHabitatModel’scapacitytoshedlightontheinter-markettransferofmeanreturnsandthediffusionofpricevolatilityinPakistaniinvestmentmarkets.Itexaminestheextenttowhichreturnsinonemarketexertasystematicinfluenceonreturnsacrossothersunderthepotentialswayofinterestratepolicyshifts,USDexchangeratevolatility,anddomesticinflationtrends.EmployingamethodologicalarsenalthatincludestheGARCHprocess,enhancedbyDynamicConditionalCorrelations(DCC),aswellastheMarkovSwitchingModel,thisresearchassessesthepropationofmeanreturnsandvolatilityacrossmarkets.Theanalysisuncoverssignificantlinkesbetweenmonetarypolicyandstockmarketindices,underscoringtheprofoundimpactofmonetarypolicyoncross-marketperformancetransmission.Theseinsightsarepivotalforregulatorsoverseeingthenuancedinteractionbetweenmonetarypolicyandmarketperformance.Theyarecrucialforlocalandinternationalinvestorsinterestedindevelopingeconomies,especiallyinPakistan’smarkets.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionMacroeconomics,MonetaryEconomics,andFinancialMarkets)22pes,8816KiB OpenAccessArticleSelf-HeatingandFatigueAssessmentofLaserPowderBedFusionNiTiAlloywithHighCycleFatigueMechanismsIdentificationbyTimotheeCullaz,LucSaint-Sulpice,MohammadElahiniaandShabnamArbabChiraniMetals2024,14(5),496;doi.org/10.3390/met(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractRapidmethodsforassessingthefatiguepropertiesofmaterialshebeendeveloped,amongwhichtheself-heatingmethodstandsoutasparticularlypromising.Thisapproachanalyzesthethermalsignalofthespecimenwhensubjectedtocyclicloading.Inthisresearch,theself-heatingmethodwas[...]Readmore.Rapidmethodsforassessingthefatiguepropertiesofmaterialshebeendeveloped,amongwhichtheself-heatingmethodstandsoutasparticularlypromising.Thisapproachanalyzesthethermalsignalofthespecimenwhensubjectedtocyclicloading.Inthisresearch,theself-heatingmethodwasutilizedforthefirsttimewithlaserpowderbedfusion(LPBF)ofNiTialloys,examiningtwospecificloadingconditions:loadingratiosof0.1and10.Athoroughexaminationofthematerialself-heatingbehiorwasconducted.Forcomparativepurposes,conventionalfatiguetestswerealsoconducted,alongsideinterrUn momento, por favor. Cloud Flameuptedfatiguetestsdesignedtohighlighttheunderlyingmechanismsinvolvedinhighcyclefatigueandpotentiallyself-heatingbehior.Theinvestigationrevealedseveralkeymechanismsatplay,includingintra-grainmisorientation,theemergenceandgrowthofpersistentslipbands,andtheformationofstress-inducedmartensite.ThesefindingsnotonlydeepenourunderstandingofthefatiguebehiorofLPBFNiTialloysbutalsohighlighttheself-heatingmethodpotentialasatoolforstudyingmaterialfatigue.Fullarticle19pes,1921KiB OpenAccessReviewTheCongestion“Pandemic”inAcuteHeartFailurePatientsbyDanielaMocan,RaduIoanLala,MariaPuschita,LuminitaPilat,DanAlexandruDarabantiuandAdinaPop-MoldovanBiomedicines2024,12(5),951;doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractCongestionnotonlyrepresentsacardinalsignofheartfailure(HF)butisalsonowrecognizedastheprimarycauseofhospitaladmissions,rehospitalization,andmortalityamongpatientswithacuteheartfailure(AHF).CongestioncanmanifestthroughvariousHFphenotypesinacutesettings:[...]Readmore.Congestionnotonlyrepresentsacardinalsignofheartfailure(HF)butisalsonowrecognizedastheprimarycauseofhospitaladmissions,rehospitalization,andmortalityamongpatientswithacuteheartfailure(AHF).CongestioncanmanifestthroughvariousHFphenotypesinacutesettings:volumeoverload,volumeredistribution,orboth.Recognizingthecongestionphenotypeisparamount,asitimpliesdifferenttherapeuticstrategiesfordecongestion.AmongpatientswithAHF,achievingcompletedecongestionischallenging,asmorethanhalfstillexperienceresidualcongestionatdischarge.Residualcongestionisoneofthestrongestpredictorsoffuturecardiovasculareventsandpooroutcomes.Throughthisreview,wetrytoprovideabetterunderstandingofthecongestionphenomenonamongpatientswithAHFbyhighlightinginsightsintothepathophysiologicalmechanismsbehindcongestionandnewdinosticandmanementtoolstoachieveandmaintainefficientdecongestion.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionMolecularandTranslationalMedicine)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,263KiB)22pes,547KiB OpenAccessReviewARapidReviewofInterventionstoImproveCareforPeopleWhoAreMedicallyUnderservedwithMultipleSclerosis,DiabeticRetinopathy,andLungCancerbySarahMossburg,MonaKilany,KimberlyJinnett,CharleneNguyen,ElenaSoles,DrewWood-PalmerandMarwaAlyInt.J.Environ.Res.PublicHealth2024,21(5),529;doi.org/10.3390/ijerph(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractIntheUnitedStates,patientswithchronicconditionsexperiencedisparitiesinhealthoutcomesacrossthecarecontinuum.Amongpatientswithmultiplesclerosis,diabeticretinopathy,andlungcancer,thereisalackofevidencesummarizinginterventionstoimprovecareanddecreasethesedisparities.The[...]Readmore.IntheUnitedStates,patientswithchronicconditionsexperiencedisparitiesinhealthoutcomesacrossthecarecontinuum.Amongpatientswithmultiplesclerosis,diabeticretinopathy,andlungcancer,thereisalackofevidencesummarizinginterventionstoimprovecareanddecreasethesedisparities.Theaimofthisrapidliteraturereviewwastoidentifyinterventionsamongpatientswiththesechronicconditionstoimprovehealthandreducedisparitiesinscreening,dinosis,accesstotreatmentandspecialists,adherence,andretentionincare.UsingstructuredsearchtermsinPubMedandWebofScience,wecompletedarapidreviewofstudiespublishedinthepriorfiveyearsconductedintheUnitedStatesonoursubjectoffocus.Wescreenedtheretrievedarticlesforinclusionandextracteddatausingastandardspreadsheet.Thedataweresynthesizedacrossclinicalconditionsandsummarized.Screeningwasthemostcommonpointinthecarecontinuumwithdocumentedinterventions.Moststudiesweidentifiedaddressedinterventionsforpatientswithlungcancer,withhalfasmanystudiesidentifiedforpatientswithdiabeticretinopathy,andfewstudiesidentifiedforpatientswithmultiplesclerosis.Almosttwo-thirdsofthestudiesfocusedonpatientswhoidentifyasBlack,Indigenous,orpeopleofcolor.Interventionswithevidenceevaluatingimplementationinmultipleconditionsincludedtelemedicine,mobileclinics,andinsurancesubsidies,orexpansion.Despitedocumenteddisparitiesandafocusonhealthequity,apaucityofevidenceexistsoninterventionsthatimprovehealthoutcomesamongpatientswhoaremedicallyunderservedwithmultiplesclerosis,diabeticretinopathy,andlungcancer.FullarticleattachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,247KiB)15pes,3061KiB OpenAccessArticleTacklingAntibioticResistance:Exploring5-FluorouracilasaPromisingAntimicrobialStrategyfortheTreatmentofStreptococcussuisInfectionbyJingZuo,YingyingQuan,JinpengLi,YueLi,DongSong,XingpingLi,YuxinWang,LiYiandYangWangAnimals2024,14(9),1286;doi.org/10.3390/ani(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractStreptococcussuis(S.suis)isazoonoticpathogenwithaglobaldistribution,whichcausesseriousdiseasesinbothhumansandanimalsandeconomiclossesintheswineindustry.Asantibioticresistanceincreases,thereisanurgentimperativetoexplorenovelantibacterial[...]Readmore.Streptococcussuis(S.suis)isazoonoticpathogenwithaglobaldistribution,whichcausesseriousdiseasesinbothhumansandanimalsandeconomiclossesintheswineindustry.Asantibioticresistanceincreases,thereisanurgentimperativetoexplorenovelantibacterialalternatives.Inthepresentstudy,weselectedtheanticancerdrug5-fluorouracil(5-FU)approvedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)asacandidatedrugtotreatS.suisinfections.Theresultsshowedthatvariouspathogens,especiallyS.suis,aremoresensitiveto5-FU.Moreover,thecytotoxicityof5-FUisrelativelylow.Extensiveinvitroassaysdemonstratedthepronouncedbacteriostaticandbactericidalefficacyof5-FUainstsusceptibleandmultidrug-resistantS.suisstrains.Itsmechanismsofactionincludedametothebacterialcellwallsandmembranes,resultingintheleakeofintracellularcomponents,andtheinhibitionofthymidylatesynthase(TS),leadingtoadepletionofdeoxythymidinetriphosphate(dTTP)pools,ultimatelycausingthymine-lessdeathandlethalDNAdameinbacteria.Gene-knockoutexperimentsfurthershowedthat5-FUplayedarolebyinhibitingthethyAgene-encodingthymidinesynthase.Finally,wedeterminedthatS.suisinfectionscanbealleviatedby5-FUinthemouseinfectionmodel.Thisstudyemphasizestheantibacterialpotentialof5-FUainstS.suisandprovidesevidenceforitstargetingofbacterialmembranedameandDNAdame.Insummary,5-FUcancontrolS.suisinfectionandisexpectedtobecomeanewalternativetoantibiotics.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionVeterinaryClinicalStudies)9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstract12pes,827KiB OpenAccessArticlePeroralPancreatoscopy-GuidedLithotripsyComparedwithExtracorporealShockWeLithotripsyintheManementofPancreaticDuctStonesinChronicPancreatitis:AMulticenterRetrospectiveCohortStudybyKeisukeIwata,TakujiIwashita,TsuyoshiMukai,YuheiIwasa,MitsuruOkuno,KensakuYoshida,AkinoriMaruta,ShinyaUemura,IchiroYasudaandMasahitoShimizuDinostics2024,14(9),891;doi.org/10.3390/dinostics(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractBackground:Extracorporealshockwelithotripsy(ESWL)isacommontreatmentforpancreaticstonesinchronicpancreatitis.Incontrast,peroralpancreatoscopy-guidedlithotripsy(POPS-L)remainsunderexplored,withlimitedcomparativestudiestoESWL.ThisstudycomparedthetreatmentoutcomesofdisposablePOPS-LtoolsandESWLfor[...]Readmore.Background:Extracorporealshockwelithotripsy(ESWL)isacommontreatmentforpancreaticstonesinchronicpancreatitis.Incontrast,peroralpancreatoscopy-guidedlithotripsy(POPS-L)remainsunderexplored,withlimitedcomparativestudiestoESWL.ThisstudycomparedthetreatmentoutcomesofdisposablePOPS-LtoolsandESWLforpancreaticstones.Methods:Aretrospectiveanalysiswasconductedon66patientswhohadundergonepancreaticstonetreatmentatthreeinstitutionsbetween2006and2022.ThetreatmentoutcomesofPOPS-LandESWLwerecompared.Results:Thisstudyincluded19and47patientswhohadundergonePOPS-LandESWL,respectively.InacomparisonbetweenPOPS-LandESWL,thestoneclearancerateswere78.9%vs.70.2%(p=0.55),whiletheprocedure-relatedcomplicationrateswere21%vs.6.3%(p=0.09).Themediantotalsessioncountswere1vs.5(p<0.01).Thecumulativestonerecurrencerateswerecomparableinbothgroups.Multivariateanalysisrevealednosignificantfactorsinfluencingthestoneclearancerates,andthechoicebetweenPOPS-LandESWLdidnotaffectthestoneclearancerates.Conclusions:POPS-LandESWLexhibitedcomparabletreatmentoutcomesintermsofstoneclearance,complications,andrecurrencerates.Furthermore,POPS-Lisadvanteousduetotheneedforfewersessionstoachievepancreaticstoneclearance.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionMedicalImingandTheranostics)15pes,1217KiB OpenAccessArticleImprovingtheSignal-to-NoiseRatioofAxialDisplacementMeasurementsofMicrospheresBasedonCompoundDigitalHolographyMicroscopyCombinedwiththeReconstructionCenteringMethodbyYananZeng,QihangGuo,XiaodongHu,JunshengLu,XiaopanFan,HaiyunWu,XiaoXu,JunXieandRuiMaSensors2024,24(9),2723;doi.org/10.3390/s(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractIn3Dmicrospheretracking,unlikein-planemotionthatcanbemeasureddirectlybyamicroscope,axialdisplacementsareresolvedbyopticalinterferenceoradiffractionmodel.Asaresult,theaxialresultsareaffectedbytheenvironmentalnoise.Theimmunitytoenvironmentalnoise[...]Readmore.In3Dmicrospheretracking,unlikein-planemotionthatcanbemeasureddirectlybyamicroscope,axialdisplacementsareresolvedbyopticalinterferenceoradiffractionmodel.Asaresult,theaxialresultsareaffectedbytheenvironmentalnoise.Theimmunitytoenvironmentalnoiseincreaseswithmeasurementaccuracyandthesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).Incompounddigitalholographymicroscopy(CDHM)-basedmeasurements,preciseidentificationofthetrackingmarkeriscriticaltoensuringmeasurementprecision.Thereconstructioncenteringmethod(RCM)wasproposedtosuppressthedrawbackscausedbyinstallationerrorsand,atthesametime,improvethecorrectidentificationofthetrackingmarker.Thereconstructedcenterisconsideredtobethecenterofthemicrosphere,ratherthanthecenterofiminginconventionaldigitalholographicmicroscopy.Thismethodwasverifiedbysimulationofraystracingthroughmicrospheresandaxialmovingexperiments.Theaxialdisplacementsofsilicamicrosphereswithdiametersof5μmand10μmweretestedbyCDHMincombinationwiththeRCM.Asaresult,theSNRoftheproposedmethodwasimprovedbyaround30%.Inaddition,themethodwassuccessfullyappliedtoaxialdisplacementmeasurementsofoverlappedmicrosphereswitharesolutionof2nm.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueDigitalHolographyinOptics:TechniquesandApplications)18pes,867KiB OpenAccessReviewAdvancedTechnologiesinFoodProcessing—DevelopmentPerspectivebyPatrycjaGazdaandPawełGlibowskiAppl.Sci.2024,14(9),3617;doi.org/10.3390/app(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractResearchintoinnovativetechniquesinfoodtechnologyisdevelopingdynamically.Thisisindicatedbythesignificantincreaseinthenumberofscientificstudiesinthisfield.Theaimofthisworkwastoprovideacomprehensive,in-depthanalysisoftheailablescientificevidence[...]Readmore.Researchintoinnovativetechniquesinfoodtechnologyisdevelopingdynamically.Thisisindicatedbythesignificantincreaseinthenumberofscientificstudiesinthisfield.Theaimofthisworkwastoprovideacomprehensive,in-depthanalysisoftheailablescientificevidenceonnewtechniquesusedinfoodthatnotonlyincreaseefficiencybutalsoenablethecreationofproductswithdesirablesensoryandnutritionalcharacteristics.Researchontechniquesincludingcoldplasma,high-pressureprocessing,ultrasound,pulsedelectricfields,sousvide,andmicroweheatingaimstoprovideinnovativemethodsoffoodprocessing,inthecontextofmeetinggrowingconsumerexpectationsandoptimizingproductionprocessesinthefoodindustry.Comparedtotraditionalfoodprocessingmethods,innovativetechniquescanprovidemoreefficientsolutionsintheprocessingofproducts.Researchonalternativenon-thermalmethodsinfoodtechnologysuggeststheirpossiblebenefits,includingenhancingsensoryandnutritionalquality,minimizingenvironmentalimpact,andincreasingproductionefficiency,whichareasignificantchallengeinthemodernfoodindustry.Despitethemanybenefits,itisworthwhiletocontinueresearchtofurtherimprovemodernfoodtechnologies.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancedFoodProcessingTechnologiesandFoodQuality)19pes,393KiB OpenAccessArticleFromSpecialisedClassroomstoMainstreamClassrooms:AStudyontheInclusionofStudentswithSpecialEducationalNeedsfromtheVoicesofTheirMainstreamPeersbyCarmenMaríaCaballeroEduc.Sci.2024,14(5),452;doi.org/10.3390/educsci(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThemodalitiesofschoolingandtheeducationalmeasuresforstudentswithspecialeducationalneeds(SENs)arepostulatedasimportantaspectswithinthefieldofstudyofinclusiveeducation.Thegeneralobjectiveofthisresearchistoanalysetheprocesses,throughthevoiceof[...]Readmore.Themodalitiesofschoolingandtheeducationalmeasuresforstudentswithspecialeducationalneeds(SENs)arepostulatedasimportantaspectswithinthefieldofstudyofinclusiveeducation.Thegeneralobjectiveofthisresearchistoanalysetheprocesses,throughthevoiceoftheirpeers,fortheinclusionofstudentswithSENsenrolledinspecialisedclassrooms(SCs)inmainstreamcentresinSpainwhentheyattendmainstreamclassrooms(MCs).Thedesignoftheresearchismixed(QUAN-Qual),non-experimental,anddescriptive.Theparticipantsinthequantitativephasewere2649peersfromMCsthathestudentsenrolledintheSCs,andtheparticipantsinthequalitativephasewere57studentsfromMCs.Aquestionnairedesignedadhocwasusedforcollectingthequantitativeinformationanddiscussiongroupsforthequalitativeinformation.ThisstudyshowsthebarriersandfacilitatorstowardstheinclusionofstudentsintheSUwithinmainstreamcentresorclassrooms.Amongthefacilitatorswhichstandoutisthewishofclassmatesfrommainstreamclassroomstosharetimes,spaces,andactivitieswiththeirclassmateswithSENsfromtheSU.AmongthebarriershighlightedbyalargenumberofstudentsintheMCsarethefactthattheydonotparticipateingroupactivitieswiththeirpeerswithSENsandthatthelatterdonotusuallyparticipateincommonactivitiesdevelopedatthecentre(likecelebrationsorexcursions).Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueCultureofDiversityandInterculturalityinEducationToday)14pes,1012KiB OpenAccessArticleSynthesis,StructuralCharacterization,andHirschfeldSurfaceAnalysisofaNewCu(II)ComplexandItsRoleinPhotocatalyticCO2ReductionbyLi-HuaWang,MohammadAzam,Xi-HaiYanandXi-ShiTaiMolecules2024,29(9),1957;doi.org/10.3390/molecules(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractAnewCu(II)complex,[CuL1L2(CH3COO)2(H2O)]·H2O,wassynthesizedbythereactionofCu(CH3COO)2·H2O,6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylicacid(HL1),and4-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine(L2)inethanol-water([...]Readmore.AnewCu(II)complex,[CuL1L2(CH3COO)2(H2O)]·H2O,wassynthesizedbythereactionofCu(CH3COO)2·H2O,6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylicacid(HL1),and4-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine(L2)inethanol-water(v:v=1:1)solution.TheCu(II)complexwascharacterizedusingelementalanalysis,IR,UV-vis,TG–DTA,andsingle-crystalX-rayanalysis.Thefluorescencepropertiesofthecoppercomplexwerealsoevaluated.ThestructuralanalysisresultsshowthattheCu(II)complexcrystallizesinthetriclinicsystemwithspacegroupP-1.TheCu(II)ioninthecomplexisfive-coordinatedwithoneOatom(O2)andoneNatom(N1)fromone6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylateligand(L1),oneNatom(N2)from4-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridineligand(L2),oneOatom(O4)fromacetate,andoneOatom(O5)fromacoordinatedwatermolecule,anditadoptsadistortedtrigonalbipyramidalgeometry.Cu(II)complexmoleculesformatwo-dimensionallayerstructurethroughintramolecularandintermolecularO-H…Ohydrogenbonding.Thetwo-dimensionallayerstructuresfurtherformathree-dimensionalnetworkstructurebyπ-πstackinginteractionsofaromaticrings.TheanalysisoftheHirschfeldsurfaceoftheCu(II)complexshowsthattheH…Hcontactsmadethemostsignificantcontribution(46.6%)totheHirschfeldsurface,followedbyO…H/H…O,N…H/H…NandC…H/H…Ccontactswithcontributionsof14.2%,13.8%,and10.2%,respectively.Inaddition,thephotocatalyticCO2reductionusingCu(II)complexasacatalystisinvestigatedunderUV-vislightirradiation.ThefindingsrevealthatthemainproductisCO,withayieldof10.34μmol/gandaselectivityof89.4%afterthreehours.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueStructure,SpectroscopicCharacterizationandApplicationofCrystals)33pes,967KiB OpenAccessArticle(Mis)RepresentingEthnicityinUKGovernmentStatisticsandItsImplicationsforViolenceInequalitiesbyHannahManzur,NielsBlomandEstelaCapelasBarbosaSoc.Sci.2024,13(5),235;doi.org/10.3390/socsci(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractThequestionofhowwemeasure,categorise,andrepresentethnicityposesagrowingchallengeforidentifyingandaddressingethnicinequalities.Conceptualcritiquesandqualitativestudieshighlightthecomplexitiesandchallengesofmeasuringethnicity,yetthereremainsalackofquantitativestudiesinvestigatingthe[...]Readmore.Thequestionofhowwemeasure,categorise,andrepresentethnicityposesagrowingchallengeforidentifyingandaddressingethnicinequalities.Conceptualcritiquesandqualitativestudieshighlightthecomplexitiesandchallengesofmeasuringethnicity,yetthereremainsalackofquantitativestudiesinvestigatingtheimplicationsofthesecomplexitiesforinequalitiesresearch.ThispaperaddressesthisgapbyscrutinizingmethodologicalprocessesandanalysingtheimplicationsofmeasurementandcategorisationintheCrimeSurveyforEnglandandWales(CSEW),critiquingtheUK’sstaUn momento, por favor. Cloud Flamendardisedmeasurementofethnicityinnationalsurveydataandgovernmentstatistics.BasedonourcomparativequantitativeanalysisofstandardisedethnicitycategoriesandregionaloriginsandourevaluationoftheCSEWandcensus’methodologies,weproposeanalternativecategorisationofethnicity,focusingonthe‘Mixed’,‘Asian’,and‘Latinx/Hispanic’ethnicgroups.Usingadjustedcrosstabulationsandlogisticregressionmodels,wefoundvariationsinethnicpatternsofviolencebasedonstandardisedmeasuresandouralternativerecategorisation,particularlyrelatingtothedistinctionbetween‘Asian’sub-groups,therecategorisationof‘Mixed’ethnicities,andtheinclusionof‘Latinx/Hispanic’asadistinctiveethnicgroup.Ourfindingsrevealvaluableinsightsintotheimplicationsofethniccategorisationforunderstandingviolenceinequalities,withsignificantimplicationsforfurtherpolicyandresearchareas.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueNewPerspectivesonMeasuringInterpersonalViolence)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure128pes,771KiB OpenAccessReviewStem-Cell-DrivenChondrogenesis:PerspectivesonAmnion-DerivedCellsbyLudovicaSulcanese,GiuseppePrencipe,AngeloCanciello,AdriánCerveró-Varona,MoniaPerugini,AnnunziataMauro,ValentinaRussoandBarbaraBarboniCells2024,13(9),744;doi.org/10.3390/cells(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractRegenerativemedicineharnessesstemcells’capacitytorestoredamedtissuesandorgans.Invitromethodsemployingspecificbioactivemolecules,suchasgrowthfactors,bio-inductivescaffolds,3Dcultures,co-cultures,andmechanicalstimuli,steerstemcellstowardthedesireddifferentiationpathways,mimickingtheirnaturaldevelopment.[...]Readmore.Regenerativemedicineharnessesstemcells’capacitytorestoredamedtissuesandorgans.Invitromethodsemployingspecificbioactivemolecules,suchasgrowthfactors,bio-inductivescaffolds,3Dcultures,co-cultures,andmechanicalstimuli,steerstemcellstowardthedesireddifferentiationpathways,mimickingtheirnaturaldevelopment.Chondrogenesispresentsachallengeforregenerativemedicine.Thisintricateprocessinvolvesprecisemodulationofchondro-relatedtranscriptionfactorsandpathways,criticalforgeneratingcartile.Cartiledamedisruptsthisprocess,impedingpropertissuehealingduetoitsuniquemechanicalandanatomicalcharacteristics.Consequently,theresultanttissueoftenformsfibrocartile,whichlacksadequatemechanicalproperties,posingasignificanthurdleforeffectiveregeneration.Thisreviewcomprehensivelyexploresstudiesshowcasingthepotentialofamnioticmesenchymalstemcells(AMSCs)andamnioticepithelialcells(AECs)inchondrogenicdifferentiation.Thesecellsexhibitinnatecharacteristicsthatpositionthemaspromisingcandidatesforregenerativemedicine.Theircapacitytodifferentiatetowardchondrocytesoffersapathwayfordevelopingeffectiveregenerativeprotocols.UnderstandingandleveringtheinnatepropertiesofAMSCsandAECsholdpromiseinaddressingthechallengesassociatedwithcartilerepair,potentiallyofferingsuperioroutcomesintissueregeneration.Fullarticle19pes,4409KiB OpenAccessArticleProcessStabilityAnalysisduringTrochoidalMillingofAZ91DMnesiumAlloyUsingDifferentToolholderTypesbyJarosławKorpysa,IreneuszZórski,AndrzejWeremczukandWitoldHabratAppl.Sci.2024,14(9),3616;doi.org/10.3390/app(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractTrochoidalmillingisoneofthesolutionsforincreasingtheefficiencyofmachiningprocesses.Adecreasedcuttingtool’sarcofcontactleadstoareductioninthegeneratedcuttingforces,thusimprovingprocessstability.Vibrationisaninherentpartofanymachiningprocess,[...]Readmore.Trochoidalmillingisoneofthesolutionsforincreasingtheefficiencyofmachiningprocesses.Adecreasedcuttingtool’sarcofcontactleadstoareductioninthegeneratedcuttingforces,thusimprovingprocessstability.Vibrationisaninherentpartofanymachiningprocess,affectingtheaccuracyandqualityofthemanufacturedcomponents,butitcanalsoposeadangertomachineoperators.Chatterisparticularlydetrimental,leingcharacteristicmarksonshapedsurfacesandpotentiallyleadingtocatastrophictooldame.Therefore,itisimportanttoensurethestabilityofmachiningandalsoreducevibration.TheprimarypurposeoftheconductedresearchistoevaluatethestabilityofthemillingprocessoftheAZ91Dmnesiumalloyperformedthroughatrochoidalstrategy.Anadditionalobjectiveistoestablishtheeffectofthevariationinmachiningparametersandtoolholdertypesonmillingstability.Threetypesoftoolholdersmostcommonlyusedinindustryareusedinthestudy.Thebasisoftheinvestigationisthemeasurementofvibrationdisplacementandaccelerationanalysedinthetimedomain.AspectralanalysisofthesignalsisalsoperformedbasedonFastFourierTransform,toidentifysignalcomponentsanddetectthesusceptibilitytochatteroccurrence.AnimportantpartofthestudyisalsoanattempttousetheCompositeMultiscaleEntropyasanindicatortodeterminethestabilityofthemachiningprocesses.Entropydoesnotexceedthevaluesof1.5forcuttingspeedand2.5forfeedpertooth,respectively.Vibrationaccelerationdoesnotexceed(inmostcases)thevalueof20m/s2forthepeak-to-peakparameterandtheshrinkfittoolholder.Forvibrationdisplacement(peak-to-peakparameter),thereareoscillationsaroundthevalueof0.9mmforallkindsoftoolholders.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueProcessing,ManufacturingandMachiningofAdvancedAlloyMaterials:LatestAdvancesandProspects)13pes,KiB OpenAccessArticleSpatiallyResolved,Real-TimePolarizationMeasurementUsingArtificialBirefringentMetallicElementsbyStefanBelle,StefanKeferandRalfHellmannPhotonics2024,11(5),397;doi.org/10.3390/photonics(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractPolarizationstatesdefineafundamentalpropertyinoptics.Consequently,polarizationstatecharacterizationisessentialinmanyareasofbothfieldindustrialapplicationsandscientificresearch.However,afullidentificationofspace-variantStokesparametersfacesgreatchallenges,likemultiplepowermeasurements.Inthiscontribution,[...]Readmore.Polarizationstatesdefineafundamentalpropertyinoptics.Consequently,polarizationstatecharacterizationisessentialinmanyareasofbothfieldindustrialapplicationsandscientificresearch.However,afullidentificationofspace-variantStokesparametersfacesgreatchallenges,likemultiplepowermeasurements.Inthiscontribution,wepresentaspatiallyresolvedpolarizationmeasurementusingartificialbirefringentmetallicelements,theso-calledhollowweguides.Differentlyorientedandspace-varianthollowweguidearrays,astationaryanalyzerandaCMOScameraformthebasisoftheexperimentalsetupforonesinglespatiallyresolvedpowermeasurement.Fromthispowermeasurement,theStokesparameterscanbecalculatedinquasi-real-time,withaspatialresolutiondownto50μminsquare.Thedimensionsoftheindividualhollowweguides,whicharelessthanorequaltotheemployedwelength,determinethespectralrange,hereinthenearinfraredaroundλ=1550nm.ThismethodallowsfortherapidandcompactdeterminationofspatiallyresolvedStokesparameters,whichisexperimentallyconfirmedusingdefinedweplates,aswellasanundefinedinjection-moldedpolymersubstrate.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssuePolarizationOptics)12pes,273KiB OpenAccessArticleEvaluatingHepatotoxicity:AComparativeAnalysisofNewGenerationversusHistoricalAntiretroviralentsbySimona-AlinaAbu-Awwad,AhmedAbu-Awwad,Madalina-IancaSuba,VoichitaElenaLazureanu,Andrei-DanielBolovan,OvidiuRosca,Mirela-MădălinaTuraiche,Adela-TeodoraBeneaandBogdanHogeaInfect.Dis.Rep.2024,16(3),423-434;doi.org/10.3390/idr(registering DOI)-24Apr2024Abstract(1)Background:Sincetheadventofzidovudinein1987,antiretroviraltherapyhasundergonesignificantevolution,markedbytheintroductionof34antiretroviraldrugsand24fixed-dosecombinations.Despitetheseadvances,hepatotoxicityremainsaformidablechallenge,influencingmorbidity,mortality,andtreatmentadherenceinHIV-infected[...]Readmore.(1)Background:Sincetheadventofzidovudinein1987,antiretroviraltherapyhasundergonesignificantevolution,markedbytheintroductionof34antiretroviraldrugsand24fixed-dosecombinations.Despitetheseadvances,hepatotoxicityremainsaformidablechallenge,influencingmorbidity,mortality,andtreatmentadherenceinHIV-infectedpatients.Thisstudyaimstocomparethehepatotoxiceffectsoflatest-generationantiretroviralmedicationswiththoseofolder-generationtherapies,assessingtheirlong-termimpactonliverhealthinHIVpatients.(2)Methods:Thisretrospectivestudyanalyzeddatafrom304HIVpatientstreatedwitheitherlatest-generationorolder-generationantiretroviraldrugsoverfouryears.Patientsweremonitoredforhepatotoxicitythroughliverfunctiontestsatdinosis,sixmonths,andone-yearpost-treatmentinitiation.(3)Results:Initialandsix-monthliverfunctiontestsshowednosignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroups.However,atone-yearpost-treatment,patientsonlatest-generationantiretroviralsexhibitedsignificantimprovementsinALT,AST,andALPlevels,suggestingabettersafetyprofileregardinghepatotoxicity.Additionally,asignificantlylowerincidenceofsplenomegalywasobservedinpatientstreatedwithnewermedications.(4)Conclusions:Thefindingssuggestthatthelatest-generationantiretroviralmedicationsmayofferasaferprofileintermsofhepatotoxicitycomparedtooldertherapies,withpotentialbenefitsforlong-termliverhealth.ThisstudyunderscorestheimportanceofcontinuousmonitoringandfurtherresearchtooptimizeARTstrategies,ensuringimprovedpatientoutcomesandqualityoflifeforindividualslivingwithHIV.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionHIV-AIDS)attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,KiB)19pes,6251KiB OpenAccessArticleTranscriptomicAnalysisofMelatonin-MediatedSaltStressResponseinGerminatingAlfalfabyZiruiLiu,XianglingRen,WenxuanZhu,YingaoLi,GuomingLi,CaifengLiu,DefengLi,YinghuaShi,ChengzhangWang,XiaoyanZhuandHaoSunriculture2024,14(5),661;doi.org/10.3390/riculture(registering DOI)-24Apr2024AbstractSaltstressposesasignificantthreattocropyieldsworldwide.Melatonin(MT),anendogenoushormonesynthesizedinplants,hasemergedasacrucialplayerinplantresponsestovariousabioticstresses,includingdrought,salinity,heat,andcold.However,theprecisemolecularmechanismsunderlying[...]Readmore.Saltstressposesasignificantthreattocropyieldsworldwide.Melatonin(MT),anendogenoushormonesynthesizedinplants,hasemergedasacrucialplayerinplantresponsestovariousabioticstresses,includingdrought,salinity,heat,andcold.However,theprecisemolecularmechanismsunderlyingMT-mediatedabioticstressresponsesremainincompletelyunderstood.ToelucidatethekeygenesandpathwaysinvolvedinMT-mediatedalleviationofsaltstress,weconductedphysiological,biochemical,andtranscriptomicanalysesonalfalfaseedlings.Ourresultsdemonstratedthatalfalfaseedlingstreatedwithmelatoninexhibitedhighergerminationrates,longerbudlengths,andgreaterfreshweightscomparedtothosesubjectedtosaltstressalone.Furthermore,thelevelsofmalondialdehyde(MDA)andsuperoxideanion(O2−)werereduced,whiletheactivitiesandcontentsofantioxidantenzymessuchassuperoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),andglutathione(GSH)increasedinresponsetomelatonintreatment.Transcriptomeanalysisrevealed2181differentiallyexpressedgenes(DEGs)inthesalt-treatedgroup,with780upregulatedand1401downregulatedgenes.Incontrast,theMT-treatedgroupexhibited4422DEGs,including1438upregulatedand2984downregulatedgenes.FunctionalannotationandpathwayenrichmentanalysisindicatedthatDEGswereprimarilyinvolvedinthebiosynthesisofflonoids,isoflones,planthormones,glutathione(GSH),solublesugars,andothersubstances,aswellasinABCtransporterandMAPKsignalingpathways.Notably,theMT-treatedgroupshowedgreaterenrichmentofDEGsinthesepathways,suggestingthatMTmitigatessaltstressbymodulatingtheexpressionofgenesrelatedtophytohormonesandantioxidantcapacity.Overall,ourfindingsprovidevaluableinsightsintothemolecularmechanismsunderlyingMT-mediatedsalttoleranceinalfalfa,withimportantimplicationsforbreedingsalt-tolerantalfalfaandothercrops.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueResponsesandTolerancetoAbioticStressinForeandTurfGrasses)MoreArticles...OpenAccessJournalsAcousticsActaMicrobiologicaHellenica(AMH)ActuatorsAdministrativeSciencesAdolescentsAdvancesinRespiratoryMedicine(ARM)AerobiologyAerospacericultureriEngineeringrochemicalsronomyAIAirAlgorithmsAllergiesAlloysAnalyticaAnalyticsAnatomiaAnesthesiaResearchAnimalsAntibioticsAntibodiesAntioxidantsAppliedBiosciencesAppliedMechanicsAppliedMicrobiologyAppliedNanoAppliedSciencesAppliedSystemInnovation(ASI)AppliedChemAppliedMathAquacultureJournalArchitectureArthropodaArtsAstronomyAtmosphereAtomsAudiologyResearchAutomationAxiomsBacteriaBatteriesBehioralSciencesBeveresBigDataandCognitiveComputing(BDCC)BioChemBioengineeringBiologicsBiologyBiologyandLifeSciencesForumBiomassBiomechanicsBioMedBiomedicinesBioMedInformaticsBiomimeticsBiomoleculesBiophysicaBiosensorsBioTechBirdsBlockchainsBrainSciencesBuildingsBusinessesCCancersCardiogeneticsCatalystsCellsCeramicsChallengesChemEngineeringChemistryChemistryProceedingsChemosensorsChildrenChipsCivilEngCleanTechnologies(CleanTechnol.)ClimateClinicalandTranslationalNeuroscience(CTN)ClinicsandPracticeClocks&SleepCoastsCoatingsColloidsandInterfacesColorantsCommoditiesComplicationsCompoundsComputationComputerSciences&MathematicsForumComputersCondensedMatterConservationConstructionMaterialsCorrosionandMaterialsDegradation(CMD)CosmeticsCOVIDCropsCryptographyCrystalsCurrentIssuesinMolecularBiology(CIMB)CurrentOncologyDairyDataDentistryJournalDermatoDermatopathologyDesignsDiabetologyDinosticsDieteticsDigitalDisabilitiesDiseasesDiversityDNADronesDrugsandDrugCandidates(DDC)DynamicsEarthEcologiesEconometricsEconomiesEducationSciencesElectricityElectrochemElectronicMaterialsElectronicsEmergencyCareandMedicineEncyclopediaEndocrinesEnergiesEngEngineeringProceedingsEntropyEnvironmentalSciencesProceedingsEnvironmentsEpidemiologiaEpigenomesEuropeanBurnJournal(EBJ)EuropeanJournalofInvestigationinHealth,PsychologyandEducation(EJIHPE)FermentationFibersFinTechFireFishesFluidsFoodsForecastingForensicSciencesForestsFossilStudiesFoundationsFractalandFractional(FractalFract)FuelsFutureFutureInternetFuturePharmacologyFutureTransportationGalaxiesGamesGasesGastroenterologyInsightsGastrointestinalDisordersGastronomyGelsGenealogyGenesGeographiesGeoHazardsGeomaticsGeosciencesGeotechnicsGeriatricsGlaciesGout,Urate,andCrystalDepositionDisease(GUCDD)GrassesHardwareHealthcareHeartsHematoHematologyReportsHeriteHistoriesHorticulturaeHospitalsHumanitiesHumansHydrobiologyHydrogenHydrologyHygieneImmunoInfectiousDiseaseReportsInformaticsInformationInfrastructuresInorganicsInsectsInstrumentsInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth(IJERPH)InternationalJournalofFinancialStudies(IJFS)InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences(IJMS)InternationalJournalofNeonatalScreening(IJNS)InternationalJournalofPlantBiology(IJPB)InternationalJournalofTopologyInternationalJournalofTranslationalMedicine(IJTM)InternationalJournalofTurbomachinery,PropulsionandPower(IJTPP)InternationalMedicalEducation(IME)InventionsIoTISPRSInternationalJournalofGeo-Information(IJGI)JJournalofeingandLongevity(JAL)JournalofCardiovascularDevelopmentandDisease(JCDD)JournalofClinical&TranslationalOphthalmology(JCTO)JournalofClinicalMedicine(JCM)JournalofCompositesScience(J.Compos.Sci.)JournalofCybersecurityandPrivacy(JCP)JournalofDevelopmentalBiology(JDB)JournalofExperimentalandTheoreticalAnalyses(JETA)JournalofFunctionalBiomaterials(JFB)JournalofFunctionalMorphologyandKinesiology(JFMK)JournalofFungi(JoF)JournalofIming(J.Iming)JournalofIntelligence(J.Intell.)JournalofL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